The electrification of uses, driven by the decarbonization of transport, buildings, and industry, and by the development of data centers to meet the growing needs of technologies, va lead to a significant increase in electricity demand and an intensification of peak consumption (charging vehicles in the evening, heating...). At the same time, the continued integration of renewable energies (REs), particularly wind and solar, increases production variability and reduces the share of traditional dispatchable power sources.. In this context, The development and use of electrical flexibility becomes increasingly necessary. This increase in flexibility must meet both national and local challenges.
This article aims to decipher the growing role of electricity flexibility in the French electrical system, analyzing both their historical functions at the national level and their more recent development at the local level. It offers a structured reading of Different types of flexibility that can be leveraged to manage the electrical system, associated mechanisms, and the impacts and challenges related to the system's transformation. The objective is also to shed light on new challenges technical, economic, organizational, and contractual which are faced by network managers, in a context of accelerated energy transition.
What is electricity flexibility?
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