{"id":5059,"date":"2022-09-15T19:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T12:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/?p=5059"},"modified":"2026-01-15T11:20:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T10:20:38","slug":"8-actions-for-successful-competitive-bidding-for-a-public-transport-network","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/en\/etudes\/8-actions-pour-une-mise-en-concurrence-reussie-dun-reseau-de-transport-public","title":{"rendered":"8 actions for a successful public transport network tender"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5059\" class=\"elementor elementor-5059\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a6fe4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1a6fe4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69c016a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69c016a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>As of January 1, 2021, the Ile-de-France public transport network will be open to competition in the Grande Couronne bus area. This opening up of the market is part of a global trend towards the gradual liberalization of passenger transport networks, which began much earlier in the regions.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>In Ile-de-France, for example, the Autorite Organisatrice des Mobilit\u00e9s (AOM) is managing the process of opening up to competition the public transport services provided by the RATP, SNCF (Transilien) and OPTILE (Organisation Professionnelle des Transports d'Ile-de-France) bus companies.<\/strong><\/p><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>To date, the new OPTILE lot awards in the Greater Paris area have got off to a good start. The RATP bus network and Transilien network are being put out to tender. The deployment of the Grand Paris Express is on everyone's mind.<\/strong><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>Everywhere else, the major metropolises and regions are seeking to encourage competition. The Lyon metropolitan area, for example, announced the allotment of its TCL network in March 2022. The PACA region has awarded one of its TER lots to Transdev.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>On the strength of this observation and its own experience, Eurogroup Consulting shares 8 actions for a positive competitive bidding process for all stakeholders concerned.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-882092c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"882092c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3157e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3157e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>1: DESIGN ALLOTMENT... WITH CONDITIONS<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p>Opening up to competition has several objectives. These include: maximizing economic value, improving the service offering, increasing the productivity and performance of operators, and strengthening innovation for the benefit of passengers.<\/p><p>To promote competition,\u00a0<strong>the principle of allotment can be<\/strong><strong>\u00a0applied.<\/strong>\u00a0For economic, financial or technical reasons, it consists of breaking down a transport network into several autonomous units. This division of the public network is a means of\u00a0<strong>attract operators of various types and sizes, as well as specialist operators<\/strong>. Allotment can be made according to several criteria:<\/p><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>by mode of transport<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0surface networks - bus with or without tramway, metro, automatic metro, cable, maritime or river.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>by region :<\/strong>\u00a0to create a geographical breakdown that is consistent with the local transport offer. This logic is often used for bus networks.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>by profession :\u00a0<\/strong>based on operations, infrastructure maintenance and management, customer relations, etc.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>by specific customer segment or offer :\u00a0<\/strong>transport for people with reduced mobility, for example, or on-demand transport\/biking\/park-and-ride, etc. However, this criterion is less frequent.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Allotment must also be attractive<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>for suitors.<\/strong>\u00a0Over-specialization and too fine a division of the value chain are pitfalls to be avoided. They confine certain players to activities that are too unprofitable, or that run counter to strategies aimed at developing comprehensive offerings.<\/p><p>In addition, the Autorit\u00e9s Organisatrices de la Mobilit\u00e9 (AOM - Mobility Organizing Authorities) have access to\u2019<strong>additional leverage: the contractual model<\/strong>,\u00a0<span class=\"TextRun SCXW153676858 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW153676858 BCX8\">in particular incentive mechanisms<\/span><\/span><strong>.\u00a0<\/strong>This sets out the duration of contracts, the opportunity for bidders to establish partnerships or to position themselves on several lots (depending on the exclusionary logic at work), etc.<\/p><p>Allotment must also be designed according to\u00a0<strong>network maturity and scalability<\/strong>\u00a0<em>(i.e. future merger with a perimeter of another contract)<\/em>,\u00a0<strong>the expected impact on the network and the ecosystem of players involved.<\/strong><\/p><p>Experience has shown that the more mature a network, the more it tends to concentrate in search of synergies. The more projects a network is involved in, the more the tendency is towards allotment in search of specialization.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-982ca49 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"982ca49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-847c6a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"847c6a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>2: IMAGINE A WIN\/WIN FINANCIAL MODEL WITH SHARED RISKS<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p>Instability, declining attendance:<strong>\u00a0the health crisis has had an impact on the financial health of public transport.<\/strong>\u00a0In its annual report, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccomptes.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-02\/20220216-RPA-13-transports-collectifs-Ile-de-France.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Court of Auditors<\/a>\u00a0notes that ridership in the Paris region has not yet returned to its pre-crisis level, while operating expenses are set to rise with the opening of new infrastructures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd943ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd943ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em style=\"color: white;\">Measures must therefore be taken, in terms of both expenditure and revenue, to restore the financial equilibrium of the Ile-de-France public transport business model in the short term, and make it sustainable in the medium and long term.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-069942e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"069942e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>More than ever, AOMs must therefore ensure that they\u00a0<strong>develop virtuous remuneration and financing models.<\/strong>\u00a0Whether for local authorities or operators, with\u00a0<strong>greater risk-sharing.<\/strong>\u00a0 Two trends, which make operator remuneration more variable, are currently driving this logic:<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">The systematic implementation of a\u00a0<strong>Quality of service remuneration (QSR).<\/strong>\u00a0RQS is assessed on the basis of data on network regularity\/timeliness, user opinions and other aspects defined upstream in the contracts: network cleanliness, professionalism of agents, etc. This variable component can represent up to +\/-10% on certain modes. This variable part can represent up to +\/-10% of a player's remuneration on certain modes.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>Operator remuneration,\u00a0<\/strong>variable depending on the achievement of other objectives (validation, revenue, management of disrupted situations, etc.).<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd4eb91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bd4eb91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/mec-image1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5067\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/mec-image1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/mec-image1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/mec-image1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/mec-image1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6ef090 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6ef090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>These mechanisms encourage operators to develop transport offers for which the variable part of the remuneration (quality of service\/attendance) tends to, or even exceeds, the fixed remuneration paid by the AOM. As a result,<strong>\u00a0operators are encouraged to bear a greater share of the risk on the services they offer. The AOM is responsible for regulating this exercise,\u00a0<\/strong>by creating the conditions for measured, supervised risk-taking by operators. This can take the form of :<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>Objective analysis of network ridership forecasts.<\/strong>\u00a0This avoids the development of better-bid but unrealistic offers by respondents;<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">The addition of\u00a0<strong>review clauses on attendance forecasts in the event of unforeseen events<\/strong>\u00a0that could jeopardize the model. This is the very example of the \u00abCovid clause\u00bb;<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">Implementation\u00a0<strong>objective, measurable and achievable QoS indicators\u00a0<\/strong>;<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><strong>The autonomy given to operators in the aspects of the offer to which they commit and take risks.<\/strong>\u00a0For example, operators need to be able to retain freedom of action in terms of operational marketing, in line with their target visitor numbers.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a34db6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a34db6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee6b7a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee6b7a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>3: IDENTIFY THE NATURE OF MISSIONS AND ASSIGN THEM TO THE APPROPRIATE PLAYERS<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\">Visit<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\">\u00a0competitive bidding enables us to entrust specific missions to competent players, specialized in their field.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\">There are 4 types of mission: strategic, regal, operational and cross-functional.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\">There is a competent player for each, to be defined and<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\">\u00a0\u00e0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW112592938 BCX8\">\u00a0clearly identified.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW112592938 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-270cc6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"270cc6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Strategic missions<\/h4><hr style=\"width: 70px; height: 2px; background: #00ade9; border: 0; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p>They include, for example, offering and pricing strategies, service policy and asset management strategy.\u00a0<strong>These missions guarantee performance targets and control of the network's key assets.<\/strong>\u00a0They are the responsibility of the AOM, which is in charge of organizing and financing the network.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5016d71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5016d71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Regalian missions<\/h4><hr style=\"width: 70px; height: 2px; background: #00ade9; border: 0; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p>They integrate the concepts of safety, security, crisis management, etc.\u00a0<strong>These missions ensure that the network remains operational, even in the event of exceptional situations such as accidents, terrorist attacks or climatic episodes.<\/strong>\u00a0They must be in the hands of a single player: the AOM or an operator delegated by the AOM to guarantee safety for all. Responsibilities must be clearly defined between those who make decisions and those who execute them.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d63816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d63816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Operational missions<\/h4><hr style=\"width: 70px; height: 2px; background: #00ade9; border: 0; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p><strong>They include driving, rolling stock maintenance, infrastructure management, etc.<\/strong>\u00a0They can be delegated to specialized players. In Sweden, for example, certain specific areas of expertise, such as the maintenance of the country's switches, are now handled by specialist private partners.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3150667 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3150667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Cross-functional missions<\/h4><hr style=\"width: 70px; height: 2px; background: #00ade9; border: 0; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p>The ones that\u00a0<strong>have a direct impact on the quality of the customer experience, and interface closely with every player on the network:\u00a0<\/strong>passenger information, management of sales agencies and fares, etc. These missions must be coordinated by a single player: the AOM \/ or an operator delegated by the AOM, for the entire transport network, to guarantee a clear, reliable and seamless route for users.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1f6d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1f6d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>The AOM is clearly identified for its strategic missions.<\/strong>\u00a0It can also take on regalian and transversal missions, provided it has the manpower, skills and desire to take on operational missions. Otherwise, the AOM must appoint a delegate. The AOM must also ensure a clear division of responsibilities to guarantee the smooth running of the network in normal and disrupted situations.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-068343b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"068343b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5e6b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5e6b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>4: RECONCILING COMPETITION AND SOCIAL BENEFITS<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p>Opening up to competition transforms working conditions and can create\u00a0<strong>social tensions.<\/strong>\u00a0The transfer of personnel and the preservation of acquired benefits are crucial issues. Particularly in a business where people remain the essential link in the chain. A bus network, for example, is made up of 80% of \"driving\" staff, and payroll accounts for the bulk of operating costs.<\/p><p>Competitive bidding is part of a special context.\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW70359853 BCX8\">There is a\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart CommentHighlightPipeRest CommentHighlightRest SCXW70359853 BCX8\">high tension in the trades\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightPipeRest SCXW70359853 BCX8\">of drivers<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW70359853 BCX8\">\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/flash-actu\/penurie-de-chauffeurs-de-bus-scolaires-la-quasi-totalite-des-dessertes-assuree-20220824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">driver shortage<\/a>\u00a0in certain networks and on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise\/transports\/a-cause-de-la-penurie-de-conducteurs-plusieurs-trains-supprimes-chaque-jour-en-ile-de-france-30-08-2022-IVQMMSFH7JDZNKJ3KWJORBOSEQ.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">certain transilien lines<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/val-de-marne-94\/la-cooptation-une-solution-pour-recruter-la-ratp-donne-300-euros-aux-chauffeurs-de-bus-qui-font-passer-de-bons-cv-24-08-2022-PPGVXLDKZRBS3LL7Q756ALTSFY.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">co-optation bonus<\/a>\u00a0to promote recruitment...). E<\/span>t the same time, strong corporate cultures are developing, career development paths are enabling employees to change jobs, multi-skilling is emerging, benefits linked to statutes or branch agreements, and sometimes even practices, are being confirmed, and so on. Several mechanisms are in place to safeguard these gains. These include job fairs, the maintenance of contractual agreements, and financial incentives to promote career changes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a6fda7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a6fda7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acquissociaux-bus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5066\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acquissociaux-bus.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acquissociaux-bus-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acquissociaux-bus-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acquissociaux-bus-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eacf402 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eacf402\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>What's at stake?\u00a0<strong>Maintaining these advantages over the long term, which depend in particular on the regulation and framework provided by the AOM<\/strong>. For example :<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">In the Ile-de-France region, Ile-de-France Mobilit\u00e9s has set up the Bailly Commission to bring together the views of staff representatives, unions and network management.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">In Lyon, Sytral promised a social base in its allotment to guarantee all employees the continuity of their social rights and entitlements.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">In the UK, the Mayor of London has introduced retention bonuses for drivers after 2 years\u00ab experience and then 3 years\u00bb experience, as well as the \"Licence for London\", which enables bus drivers to move from one operator to another without losing their salary level.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcdad30 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fcdad30\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fa0725 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fa0725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>5: GUARANTEE MULTIMODAL CONSISTENCY FOR A SEAMLESS CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_column-gap-25\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As far as possible, the traveler experience should\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">be without<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0sewing, despite multimodal routes. This is the sine qua non for convincing motorists to use public transport: peace of mind, competitive price, reduced overall journey time...<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In concrete terms, the traveler's journey, generally multimodal, must be seamless. Whether in the real world or in the digital universe. This implies :<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a digital service that integrates all modes of transport<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to offer a range of combinations according to different criteria (time, price, C02, etc.).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a route through the infrastructure, with high-quality signage and real-time passenger information<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(pathway between parking lot and station, indoor pathway within the station or interchange, etc.).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">Gold<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">\u00a0depending on the configuration of the competition, in particular<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">\u00a0in the case of allotment, it is likely that<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">\u00a0more<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">\u00a0d\u2019<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">operator<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">\u00a0transport\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">are present. Operators to whom we can add not only the\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">actors\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">private mobility<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">(<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">scooters, self-service bikes\/scooters, car-sharing, ...<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">but also\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">service providers<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">\u00a0(<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW31451098 BCX8\">G<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW31451098 BCX8\">ooglemaps<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW31451098 BCX8\">C<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW31451098 BCX8\">itymapper<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">, \u2026)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">and<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">\u00a0visit\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">individual vehicles<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">To ensure consistency, it is essential to call on\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">an integrator\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\">of all these players<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31451098 BCX8\"><strong>.<\/strong>\u00a0The AOM is ideally suited to this task, and has a dual role:<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">prescriber<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0vis-\u00e0-vis the ecosystem. The AOM ensures that these guidelines\/maps\/service commitments are applied. The AOM also ensures that the customer-centric vision is taken into account. This applies not only to contracts with \u00abtraditional\u00bb operators, but also to new forms of mobility, distributors and so on. This is what IDFM has been able to do with the MaaS guide and the various signage requirements.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and maker,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0through a digital service that must be the backbone of public transport, integrating all modes of transport on a regional scale. This is the key to successfully changing behavior and favoring public transport modes that have less impact on the climate.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69d0acb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69d0acb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc89ec5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc89ec5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>6: ADAPT AND ADOPT THE CONTRACTUAL MODEL TO THE TERRITORY AND ITS AMBITIONS<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9;\" \/><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14cd494 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14cd494\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Adapting the contractual model<\/h4><hr style=\"width: 70px; height: 2px; background: #00ade9; border: 0; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Today, 15% of the network in France is managed by the public sector vs. 85% of the network delegated to private operators (via D\u00e9l\u00e9gation de Service Public or march\u00e9 Public - public service contract).<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xerfi.com\/presentationetude\/Le-transport-urbain-de-voyageurs_21STR08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Xerfi study on urban passenger transport - October 2021<\/a>).\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There's no such thing as a perfect model.\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The best arrangement is the one best suited to the technical and strategic challenges facing the AOM.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In other words, reconciling the need to take over strategic competencies vs. the desire to seek out specialized players.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e592c05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e592c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Consider public shareholding<\/h4><hr style=\"width: 70px; height: 2px; background: #00ade9; border: 0; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Public shareholding<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(SEMOP, SPL, SEM) is also a good option for sharing substantial investments. As in the case of an ambitious mandate plan. It should also be noted that the rules governing this type of structure are fairly restrictive (for example, SEMOPs require a very precise shareholder agreement).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc20585 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc20585\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Take account of contract duration<\/h4><hr style=\"width: 70px; height: 2px; background: #00ade9; border: 0; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Contract duration<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0is also an important variable. For example, if a network opts for a D\u00e9l\u00e9gation de Service Public (Public Service Delegation) contract, it's best to plan a contract duration in line with the deadlines for the projects in the mandate plan. And this within the timeframe governed by the European PSO regulation (even if it is always possible to go beyond this duration if the operator carries out investments itself).<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcfa998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dcfa998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MEC-im2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5065\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MEC-im2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MEC-im2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MEC-im2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MEC-im2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d142d71 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d142d71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4731c78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4731c78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>7: SHARE A COMMON VISION AND STRATEGY<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reflecting on a network's competitive bidding strategy, its operating model and implementation methods requires\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">create a common, shared ambition.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This transformation must\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">be carried out with listening and teaching skills.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The objective?\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Gaining the support of all stakeholders and clearly identifying induced impacts<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0on scope of responsibility, organization, skills, governance, etc.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ace601a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ace601a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lebon-Schema_MEC_V3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5064\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lebon-Schema_MEC_V3.png 800w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lebon-Schema_MEC_V3-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lebon-Schema_MEC_V3-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lebon-Schema_MEC_V3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a3244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20a3244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Our recommendation is to<span class=\"TextRun SCXW191725566 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW191725566 BCX8\">\u00a0work in the interest of the passenger and the need for collective balance. In particular through :<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Internal alignment (elected representatives\/technicians) through working and steering bodies, and even learning expeditions.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These expeditions open the door to other experiences (as in Berlin and Milan), enabling us to observe networks with highly diversified but non-allocated modes of operation, or to visit allocated networks, sometimes with a large number of players (as in the Nordic countries), or to decipher networks that operate on a public-private basis (as in Switzerland).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1425,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Or in parallel with\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00abSourcing\u00bb<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0with operators for direct, transparent exchanges. Or through individual or collective exchanges for local authorities, associations and trade unions.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\">And, above all,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\">\u00a0this<strong>\u00a0dialogue<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\">\u00a0should not take place just before the competitive bidding or renewal phase,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\">but\u00a0<strong>continuously.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW80998955 BCX8\">\u00a0Contract durations show that you always have to think about the next one, or be able to manage changes to the network (new lines or extensions), new modes of transport, and so on.Our recent experience confirms the importance of dialogue in resolving ambiguities.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW80998955 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f91e4bb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f91e4bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d44e59d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d44e59d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>8: BE AWARE OF BARRIERS TO MARKET ENTRY<\/h2><hr style=\"border: 0; height: 2px; background-color: #00ade9; margin: 0 0 2em 0;\" \/><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On the OPTILE perimeter (Ex CT3, surface networks of Grand-Couronne in the \u00cele-de-France region), the competitive bidding process has led to changes in operators for more than 40% of the lots awarded to date. 100% of these changes were made between the 3 main operators: Keolis, RATP (with its subsidiary RATP Dev) and Transdev. While the group of incumbents now extends to 4 operators, with the recent award of two lots to the Lacroix-Savac consortium,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">these figures illustrate the difficulties that incoming players can encounter.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It's up to AOMs to be aware of the real difficulties that players wishing to penetrate certain markets may encounter... and even the French market when it comes to foreign players.Here are the main difficulties encountered by new entrants:<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The organization of the French transport market<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0which is based on 3 different levels, each of which has a say in transport supply and network structuring (state, regional and local levels);<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Different types of network\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with certain networks or types of transport, both contracted and free;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Industrial and regulatory barriers<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the acquisition or import of certain technologies and assets. More specifically, for non-European operators, obtaining a rail operator's license, a safety certificate, and timetable paths from infrastructure managers;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cultural barriers<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(language), but also, and above all, the social aspects of understanding the specificities of French law, collective agreements and the conditions, obligations and challenges of certain personnel transfers, such as the future scope of the RATP or, in the long term, the SNCF, which will involve agents with special statutes;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">Finally,<b> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">difficulties in obtaining network data and information.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21be5d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"21be5d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0cca0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0cca0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact us by email: evenement@eurogroupconsulting.com to receive the checklist!<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As of January 1, 2021, the Ile-de-France public transport network will be open to competition in the Grande Couronne bus area. This opening up of the market is part of a global trend towards the gradual liberalization of passenger transport networks, which began much earlier in the regions.<\/p>\n<p>In Ile-de-France, for example, the Autorite Organisatrice des Mobilit\u00e9s (AOM) is managing the process of opening up to competition the public transport services provided by the RATP, SNCF (Transilien) and OPTILE (Organisation Professionnelle des Transports d'Ile-de-France) bus companies.  <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etude"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>8 actions pour 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